In most cases, solar panels are fixed in place and do not move in response to the movement of the sun. A solar tracker system is presented here. This system follows the path of the sun as it travels across the sky and works to keep the solar panel perpendicular to the path of the sun's rays. This ensures that the solar panel receives the maximum amount of sunlight possible throughout the course of the day.

The solar tracker begins its pursuit of the sun at the crack of dawn, continues throughout the day until dusk, and then begins once more at the crack of dawn the next day. The schematic for the solar tracking system can be found in Figure 1. Comparator integrated circuit LM339, H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit L293D (IC2), and a

few discrete components make up the sun tracker. Light-dependent resistors LDR1 through LDR4 are utilized here as sensors for the purpose of determining where the panel is located in relation to the sun. These send a signal to the motor driver IC2 that tells it to move the solar panel so that it is towards the sun. Comparators A1 and A2 are connected to the light intensity detecting resistors LDR1 and LDR2, which are attached to the edges of the solar panel along the X axis. To ensure that the motor M1 is stopped when the sun's rays are parallel to the solar panel, the presets VR1 and VR2 have been programmed to produce a low comparator output at pins 2 and 1, respectively, of comparators A1 and A2, respectively. Comparators A1 and A2 receive a high input when pins 4 and 7 on their respective circuits receive a high value because LDR2 has a lower resistance after it has been exposed to more light than its counterpart, LDR1. As a consequence of this, the output pin 1 of comparator A2 turns high, which causes motor M1 to revolve in a specific direction (let's say counter-clockwise), which in turn rotates the solar panel. Comparators A1 and A2 will get a low input when LDR1 has a lower resistance than LDR2 because LDR1 has been exposed to a greater amount of light. This will occur at pins 4 and 7, respectively. The output pin 2 of the comparator A1 is now high because the voltage that is present at pin 5 is greater than the voltage that is present at pin 4. As a consequence of this, motor M1 begins to revolve in the other direction (let's assume clockwise), which in turn causes the solar panel to turn. In a similar manner, LDR3 and LDR4 follow the path of the sun along the Y axis. The setup that has been suggested for the solar tracking system may be seen in Fig. 2.