Arduino based Snake Robot Controlled using Android
Twelve segments are driven by servo motors, all of which are joined together with metal brackets. An Arduino Mega controls the servos, which are powered by a 7.4-volt battery pack. A mobi…
Know the mission before touching a wire.
Understand what you are making, prepare the right tools, and make the workbench safe.
Project details
Arduino based Snake Robot Controlled using Android is a arduino project. Twelve segments are driven by servo motors, all of which are joined together with metal brackets. An Arduino Mega controls the servos, which are powered by a 7.4-volt battery pack. A mobi…
- Source pages
- 630-632
- Named parts
- 8
- Build goal
- Working, tested prototype
Tools you need
- Digital multimeter
- Wire stripper and side cutters
- Soldering iron with a fine tip
- Current-limited bench supply
- Computer with a data-capable USB cable
Use eye protection, good lighting, and a clean insulated surface throughout the build.
Safety precautions
- Disconnect every power source before changing a connection.
- Check component polarity, pinout, and supply voltage twice.
- Use a current limit for the first power-up.
- Keep liquids, loose metal, and uninsulated wires away from the bench.
Gather, identify, and understand every part.
Use the standardized inventory, then open What's this? to learn each part's role, advantages, limitations, handling, and specifications.
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Arduino mega
A programmable controller that reads inputs, makes decisions, and drives the project's outputs.
What it does hereIt is the control centre and must use the documented board, pin map, supply, and logic level.
Buy / compare this part ↗Advantages
- Reprogrammable and reusable
- Large learning ecosystem
- Complex behaviour remains changeable
Limitations
- GPIO voltage and current are limited
- Some pins affect boot or communication
- Loads normally need a driver
Handling
- Disconnect power before rewiring
- Avoid static discharge
- Never power motors, relays, or pumps directly from GPIO
Specifications to verify
- Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for Arduino mega; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
- Confirm operating voltage, logic level, pinout, memory, USB interface, and maximum GPIO current.
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
IR Sensor
A sensor converts a physical condition into an electrical signal the circuit can measure.
What it does hereIt provides project input as an analogue, digital, resistive, frequency, or calibrated signal.
Buy / compare this part ↗Advantages
- Adds real-world awareness
- Can usually be tested independently
- Often supports calibration
Limitations
- Readings can drift
- Placement affects results
- Some sensors need warm-up or calibration
Handling
- Protect the sensing surface
- Observe supply voltage and polarity
- Keep signal leads away from noisy power wiring
Specifications to verify
- Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for IR Sensor; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
- Confirm supply range, output type, measurement range, accuracy, response time, and pin order.
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Servo Motors
An output component turns an electrical control signal into light, sound, motion, switching, or displayed information.
What it does hereIt presents the circuit result or acts on the physical world.
Buy / compare this part ↗Advantages
- Makes system state visible
- Can be tested separately
- Supports clear troubleshooting
Limitations
- Loads may exceed controller current
- Polarity or driver direction can matter
- Inductive loads create voltage spikes
Handling
- Use the documented driver stage
- Check polarity and load current
- Add flyback protection for inductive loads
Specifications to verify
- Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for Servo Motors; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
- Confirm voltage, current, polarity, interface, driver requirements, and duty cycle.
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Bluetooth module
A named project component whose exact role is defined by the source circuit and build guide.
What it does hereIt performs a documented electrical, control, interface, or construction function in this project.
Buy / compare this part ↗Advantages
- Selected for this project
- Can be checked independently
- Supports modular troubleshooting
Limitations
- Substitutes may differ
- Generic names can hide variants
- Pinouts and ratings vary
Handling
- Compare the received part with the source
- Keep it labelled
- Do not force connectors or adjusters
Specifications to verify
- Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for Bluetooth module; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
- Confirm dimensions, ratings, connection method, polarity, and environmental limits.
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Camera
A named project component whose exact role is defined by the source circuit and build guide.
What it does hereIt performs a documented electrical, control, interface, or construction function in this project.
Buy / compare this part ↗Advantages
- Selected for this project
- Can be checked independently
- Supports modular troubleshooting
Limitations
- Substitutes may differ
- Generic names can hide variants
- Pinouts and ratings vary
Handling
- Compare the received part with the source
- Keep it labelled
- Do not force connectors or adjusters
Specifications to verify
- Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for Camera; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
- Confirm dimensions, ratings, connection method, polarity, and environmental limits.
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Cables and Connectors
A named project component whose exact role is defined by the source circuit and build guide.
What it does hereIt performs a documented electrical, control, interface, or construction function in this project.
Buy / compare this part ↗Advantages
- Selected for this project
- Can be checked independently
- Supports modular troubleshooting
Limitations
- Substitutes may differ
- Generic names can hide variants
- Pinouts and ratings vary
Handling
- Compare the received part with the source
- Keep it labelled
- Do not force connectors or adjusters
Specifications to verify
- Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for Cables and Connectors; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
- Confirm dimensions, ratings, connection method, polarity, and environmental limits.
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
PCB and Breadboards
A named project component whose exact role is defined by the source circuit and build guide.
What it does hereIt performs a documented electrical, control, interface, or construction function in this project.
Buy / compare this part ↗Advantages
- Selected for this project
- Can be checked independently
- Supports modular troubleshooting
Limitations
- Substitutes may differ
- Generic names can hide variants
- Pinouts and ratings vary
Handling
- Compare the received part with the source
- Keep it labelled
- Do not force connectors or adjusters
Specifications to verify
- Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for PCB and Breadboards; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
- Confirm dimensions, ratings, connection method, polarity, and environmental limits.
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Push Buttons
A named project component whose exact role is defined by the source circuit and build guide.
What it does hereIt performs a documented electrical, control, interface, or construction function in this project.
Buy / compare this part ↗Advantages
- Selected for this project
- Can be checked independently
- Supports modular troubleshooting
Limitations
- Substitutes may differ
- Generic names can hide variants
- Pinouts and ratings vary
Handling
- Compare the received part with the source
- Keep it labelled
- Do not force connectors or adjusters
Specifications to verify
- Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for Push Buttons; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
- Confirm dimensions, ratings, connection method, polarity, and environmental limits.
Connect one verified path at a time.
Explore the named components and standardized signal flow, then use Source Check to verify exact physical pins, values, and topology before applying power.
Trace this circuit.
Arduino based Snake Robot Controlled using Android: interactive parts, standardized terminals, responsive anchored wires, student explanations, and the original circuit reference in one shared system.
Trace before wiring
Follow power, ground, inputs, processing, and outputs in that order. Never guess a pin from package shape alone.
Connect with power off
Make short, labelled connections and share a common ground only where the schematic requires it.
Inspect every joint
Check continuity, polarity, adjacent shorts, and loose connections before the first power-up.
Open all source diagrams and build views 1 visuals
Confirm the hardware-only control path.
This project does not include firmware in the source. The circuit itself provides the required behaviour.
How to connect
- Match every controller label to the circuit view and source pin map.
- Join grounds before signal wires when separate low-voltage supplies are used.
- Keep motors, relays, pumps, and other loads on a suitable driver and external supply.
Common mistakes
Reversed VCC/GND, board-label versus GPIO-number confusion, missing common ground, and charge-only USB cables.
Troubleshoot
Disconnect loads, continuity-test one path at a time, then test with a current limit.
Software preparation
No IDE, board package, library, or firmware upload is required for this project.
If you add a programmable controller as an extension, document its pin map separately.
How to upload code
The original design is implemented entirely in hardware, so proceed after verifying the circuit and supply.
Software Specifications
1. Arduino Compiler 2. Programming Language: C
Assemble, deploy, test, and troubleshoot.
Use the complete source notes in build order, then pass the final checks before calling the project finished.
Build in functional stages
- Power and regulation
- Controller or processing stage
- Inputs and sensors
- Outputs and loads
- Enclosure and strain relief
Power up safely
- Inspect unpowered continuity first
- Apply the lowest safe current limit
- Measure supply rails before signals
- Add one load at a time
- Record expected and actual results
Work from simple to complex
- Confirm power, ground, polarity, and orientation
- Compare each pin with the source
- Test inputs separately from outputs
- Replace only one variable at a time
- Power off before every correction
Follow the documented instructions.
These notes come from this project's source and remain in their original order.
Project overview
Project build noteTwelve segments are driven by servo motors, all of which are joined together with metal brackets. An Arduino Mega controls the servos, which are powered by a 7.4-volt battery pack. A mobile device can control the snake via a Bluetooth app. The snake can also move autonomously. Servos and brackets can be used to make such a robot. One set of Lego wheels is built with each segment. Each segment includes a servo motor, a side bracket, a wire clip, and a C-bracket. A Lego wheel axle had to be drilled with two screw holes so it can be connected to a C-bracket. It would be recommended to add rows and columns at the head and tail so that the Arduino and batteries can be accommodated. The brackets have two long C-braces that can connect on the
side. A battery holder for 5AA batteries will power the Arduino, which is installed in the tail section of the snake. Battery packs with 7.4 volts powered the servos, which were mounted in the snake's head. An Arduino is connected to the receiver's ground on the bottom pin. A 5-volt pin from the Arduino is connected to the voltage pin.
Hardware Specifications
Project build noteArduino mega IR Sensor Servo Motors Bluetooth module Camera Cables and Connectors PCB and Breadboards Push Buttons Switch IC
You built Arduino based Snake Robot Controlled using Android.
You followed the full workflow from understanding the mission to testing the finished project. That is a real engineering achievement - well done.
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