The use of sensors has always been crucial to any project. It is these that create the digital/variable data that is used by electronics to process the real- time environmental data. The market offers many types of sensors, and you can choose one that suits your needs. We will use an Arduino to create a project that uses Hall sensors, also known as Hall effect sensors. Using the magnet sensor, you can determine the magnet's pole as well as detect its magnetic field. Magnets are detected for what reason? Perhaps you'd like to know. Actually, there are a number of applications that use Hall Effect sensors, but most of us probably are unaware of them. The speed of rotating machines or bicycles can be measured using this sensor. BLDC motors also utilize this sensor to track the Rotor Magnet position and immediately activate the Stator coils accordingly. Let's learn how to add another tool to our arsenal by learning how to interface Hall effect sensors with Arduino. Some projects involving

As part of this tutorial, we will utilize Arduino interrupts to detect a magnet near a Hall sensor and flash an LED. We will use interrupts in our tutorial as well, since Hall sensors will typically only be used with interrupts due to their applications that require high reading and executing speeds.

Hall Effect Sensor (any digital version) Arduino (Any version) 10k ohm and 1K ohm Resistor LED Connecting Wires

Several things should be kept in mind before we dive into the connections for Hall Effect sensors. Digital Hall sensors and analog Hall sensors are the two main types of Hall sensors. As opposed to the digital Hall sensor, which detects whether a magnet is present or not (0 or 1). The analog Hall sensor, on the other hand, can detect the strength of or the distance from the magnet, based on its output. Because these are the most common digital Hall sensors, this project will only focus on them. By its name, Hall Effect sensors work on the basis of the "Hall Effect". Having carried out this experiment the law states that when current flows perpendicular to the direction that the current is flowing, a voltage can be measured at the angle at which the current flows. It will be possible for the hall sensor to detect magnets around it using this technique. I'm done with theory, let's move onto hardware.

This circuit diagram demonstrates how to connect a Hall sensor to an Arduino. This Arduino circuit diagram for a Hall Effect sensor is quite straightforward as you can see. It is when we try to figure out hall sensor pin numbers that we usually make mistakes. When positioned face-on, the Vcc and Ground pins are on the left, followed by the Signal pin. As we mentioned earlier, we will use interrupts, which is why pin 2 of the Arduino is connected to the output pin of the Hall sensor. Magnets are detected by switching on the Pin, which is connected to an LED.

You can now upload the Arduino code once you have created your code and hardware. A 9V battery has been used to power the entire setup. Power can be provided by any preferred source. You will see the LED light up as soon

as you place the magnet close to the sensor and it will turn off as soon as you remove the magnet. Note: Hall sensors are pole sensitive, which means that each side of the sensor can either detect only the North Pole or only the South Pole, only one side of the sensor can detect both poles. Thus, if you bring the north sensing surface close to the south pole, the LED will not glow. Throughout the sensor, we bring the magnet near to it, causing it to change its state when we do that. An interrupt pin is triggered by this change, which then calls the toggle function, which changes the variable "state" from 0 to 1. In this way, the LED will illuminate. Once the magnet is moved away from the sensor, the sensor output will again change. We notice that this changes again by using an interrupt statement and thus the variable "state" is set to zero. The LED will darken if the switch is turned off. Each time you approach the sensor with a magnet, the same happens.