Using ARDUINO UNO as a platform, we will prototype a Clapper circuit using the ADC concept. In order to detect sound and generate a response, we are going to use a MIC and Uno. Clap ON Clap OFF switches the device by using clapping sound, however it does not work in reverse. The 555 Timer IC was previously used to build the Clap ON Clap OFF switch and Clap ON Clap OFF switch. In case of clapping, there is a peak signal in the microphone that is much higher than normal. That signal is sent to the amplifier via a high-pass filter. ADC converts this high voltage signal into a number using an amplification circuit. In other words, the ADC reading for the UNO will peak at that time. The project is described in detail below. When the peak is detected, the LED on the board will be toggled. MIC is a transducer that detects sound, converting audio energy into electrical energy. Hence sound is represented as a changing voltage with this sensor. A device like this is used mostly for recording or detecting sounds. All mobile phones and laptops have this type of transducer. A typical MIC

looks like this A typical MIC appears like, A typical MIC can be found in all mobile phones and laptops. A condenser mic's polarity can be determined in several ways. There are two terminals for MIC, one is positive, the other is negative. Using a multimeter, it is possible to check the polarity of the microphone. The positive probe of the Multimeter (the meter must be in DIODE TESTING mode) must be connected to the positive terminal of the MIC, and the negative probe must be connected to the negative terminal of the MIC. On the Multimeter, if the positive (MIC) terminal is at the negative terminal, it indicates the positive (MIC) terminal is at the negative terminal. The negative terminal has two or three soldering lines connected to the metal case. The positive terminal is similar, with one soldering line connected to the metal case. You can also check whether the connection between its metal case and the negative terminal is intact using continuity tester, in order to discover the negative terminal.

ARDUINO UNO, power supply (5v), a condenser mic (explained above) 2N3904 NPN transistor, 100nF capacitors (2 pieces), one 100uF capacitor,

1K Ω resistor, 1MΩ resistor, 15KΩ resistor (2 pieces), one LED, And Breadboard & Connecting wires. Software: Arduino IDE In this figure, you can see the circuit diagram for the clapper project . There are four main parts to the process, namely: Filtration, Amplification, Analog-Digital conversion, and programming to control the LED.

When sound is detected, the microphone can convert it into voltage that is proportional to the level of sound. We would assign a higher value to a higher sound, and a lower value to a lower sound.

In order to filter this signal, it is first fed into a High Pass Filter. This filtered value is then fed into the transistor to produce an amplified output, which is delivered through the collector. ADC0 of the UNO receives this collector signal, which is then converted to a digital signal. The LED is programmed to turn on with every increment of ADC channel A0, coupled into PIN 7 of PORTD.

In the first instance, we will talk briefly about R-C High Pass Filters, which have been used to filter out noise. There is a single resistor and a single capacitor in this simple device. Keeping the circuit simple is all we need for this circuit, so we won't get bogged down in the details. Unlike low pass filters, high pass filters allow high frequency signals to pass through their input to output. In other words, input signals appear at the filter output if their frequency exceeds the filter's prescribed frequency. For now, we are not designing an audio amplifier, so we do not need to worry about these values. Here is the circuit for a high pass filter. A transistor then amplifies the voltage signal after passing through the filter.

In order to drive the voltage of MIC, we need a transistor amplifier. Since the voltage of MIC is too low, it cannot be fed to the UNO for ADC (Analog to Digital Conversion). The voltages of MICs are amplified here with a single transistor amplifier. ADC0 of the Arduino receives the amplified voltage signal.

There are six analogs to digital converter channels on the ARDUINO. You can use any or all of them as analog voltage inputs. This means that input voltages within the range of 0-5 volts are translated into integer values within the range of 0-1023 using the UNO ADC of 10 bits. So, for every (5/1024= 4.9mV) per unit. We need to use the ADC channel of ARDUINO UNO in order to transform analog signals into digital signals, such as the

Reference values for ADC channels on the Arduino UNO are set to 5V. Therefore, we can provide feedback voltages of up to 5V on any input channel for ADC conversion. We have an instruction that enables us to change the reference value, as some sensors provide voltages of 0-2.5V, so with a 5V reference, the accuracy is reduced. The analog reference value can be changed using the "analogReference()" method. The ADC channel 0 reading can be performed by directly calling the function "analogRead(pin);", where "pin" represents the pin to which the analog signal was connected in our circuit, for instance "A0". By adding this instruction to the digital readout instruction "int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);", the value from the ADC is taken and converted into an integer for storage in the memory of the UNO.