STEP 1 / 6ELECTRONICS

Periodically on /off Mosquito repellents circuit

Some mosquito repellents on the market use a poisonous liquid to make poisonous vapors that make mosquitoes leave the room. Due to the constant release of poisonous fumes into the room, t…

Circuit Atlas themed schematic for Periodically on /off Mosquito repellents circuit
PROJECT#006
TRACKElectronics
PARTS19
STAGES06
STEP 1 / 6 · Overview

Know the mission before touching a wire.

Understand what you are making, prepare the right tools, and make the workbench safe.

01

Project details

Periodically on /off Mosquito repellents circuit is a electronics project. Some mosquito repellents on the market use a poisonous liquid to make poisonous vapors that make mosquitoes leave the room. Due to the constant release of poisonous fumes into the room, t…

Source pages
50-51
Named parts
19
Build goal
Working, tested prototype
02

Tools you need

  • Digital multimeter
  • Wire stripper and side cutters
  • Soldering iron with a fine tip
  • Current-limited bench supply

Use eye protection, good lighting, and a clean insulated surface throughout the build.

03

Safety precautions

  • Disconnect every power source before changing a connection.
  • Check component polarity, pinout, and supply voltage twice.
  • Use a current limit for the first power-up.
  • This project may involve hazardous voltage. Work only with qualified supervision and proper isolation.
Ready to continue?
STEP 2 / 6 · Circuit-verified parts library

Gather, identify, and understand every part.

Use the standardized inventory, then open What's this? to learn each part's role, advantages, limitations, handling, and specifications.

✓ COMPLETE CIRCUIT BOMAll 19 component references, values, and stage-specific names from the reviewed schematic are included below.
CIRCUIT-VERIFIED PROJECT INVENTORY19 PART LINES
PARTTYPEQTYREADY
PAC1 - fused 230V AC mains input with protective earthPART1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Fused 230V AC inputPART LEARNING VIEW

AC1 - fused 230V AC mains input with protective earth

A named project component whose exact role is defined by the source circuit and build guide.

What it does here

It performs a documented electrical, control, interface, or construction function in this project.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Selected for this project
  • Can be checked independently
  • Supports modular troubleshooting

Limitations

  • Substitutes may differ
  • Generic names can hide variants
  • Pinouts and ratings vary

Handling

  • Compare the received part with the source
  • Keep it labelled
  • Do not force connectors or adjusters

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for AC1 - fused 230V AC mains input with protective earth; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm dimensions, ratings, connection method, polarity, and environmental limits.
BJ1 - earthed mains socket for the mosquito-repellent applianceBUILD1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Earthed multi-standard mains socketBUILD LEARNING VIEW

J1 - earthed mains socket for the mosquito-repellent appliance

A named project component whose exact role is defined by the source circuit and build guide.

What it does here

It performs a documented electrical, control, interface, or construction function in this project.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Selected for this project
  • Can be checked independently
  • Supports modular troubleshooting

Limitations

  • Substitutes may differ
  • Generic names can hide variants
  • Pinouts and ratings vary

Handling

  • Compare the received part with the source
  • Keep it labelled
  • Do not force connectors or adjusters

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for J1 - earthed mains socket for the mosquito-repellent appliance; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm dimensions, ratings, connection method, polarity, and environmental limits.
SIC1 - LM555 / NE555 timer (DIP-8)SEMICONDUCTOR1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
NE555 timerSEMICONDUCTOR LEARNING VIEW

IC1 - LM555 / NE555 timer (DIP-8)

A semiconductor stage performs switching, amplification, regulation, rectification, or logic.

What it does here

It controls current or signal flow at a defined point in the circuit.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Fast and efficient
  • Compact
  • Can control larger loads from smaller signals

Limitations

  • Pin order varies
  • Sensitive to overvoltage and reverse polarity
  • May need cooling or bias components

Handling

  • Verify the datasheet pinout
  • Avoid static and soldering heat
  • Check notch, stripe, or flat-face orientation

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for IC1 - LM555 / NE555 timer (DIP-8); similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm pinout, maximum voltage/current, dissipation, gain or forward voltage, and package.
STRIAC1 - BT136-600E 4A 600V TRIAC (TO-220AB)SEMICONDUCTOR1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
BT136-600E mains TRIACSEMICONDUCTOR LEARNING VIEW

TRIAC1 - BT136-600E 4A 600V TRIAC (TO-220AB)

A semiconductor stage performs switching, amplification, regulation, rectification, or logic.

What it does here

It controls current or signal flow at a defined point in the circuit.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Fast and efficient
  • Compact
  • Can control larger loads from smaller signals

Limitations

  • Pin order varies
  • Sensitive to overvoltage and reverse polarity
  • May need cooling or bias components

Handling

  • Verify the datasheet pinout
  • Avoid static and soldering heat
  • Check notch, stripe, or flat-face orientation

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for TRIAC1 - BT136-600E 4A 600V TRIAC (TO-220AB); similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm pinout, maximum voltage/current, dissipation, gain or forward voltage, and package.
PD1 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number)PASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Mains-rated DO-41 rectifier diodePASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

D1 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number)

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for D1 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number); similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PD2 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number)PASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Mains-rated DO-41 rectifier diodePASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

D2 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number)

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for D2 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number); similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PD3 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number)PASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Mains-rated DO-41 rectifier diodePASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

D3 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number)

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for D3 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number); similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PD4 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number)PASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Mains-rated DO-41 rectifier diodePASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

D4 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number)

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for D4 - mains-rated rectifier diode (source does not specify the part number); similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PZD1 - 9V 1W Zener diodePASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
9V Zener diodePASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

ZD1 - 9V 1W Zener diode

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for ZD1 - 9V 1W Zener diode; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PLED1 - 5mm on-time indicator LEDPART1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Red 5mm LEDPART LEARNING VIEW

LED1 - 5mm on-time indicator LED

An output component turns an electrical control signal into light, sound, motion, switching, or displayed information.

What it does here

It presents the circuit result or acts on the physical world.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Makes system state visible
  • Can be tested separately
  • Supports clear troubleshooting

Limitations

  • Loads may exceed controller current
  • Polarity or driver direction can matter
  • Inductive loads create voltage spikes

Handling

  • Use the documented driver stage
  • Check polarity and load current
  • Add flyback protection for inductive loads

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for LED1 - 5mm on-time indicator LED; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm voltage, current, polarity, interface, driver requirements, and duty cycle.
PR1 - 2.2kΩ timer charging resistorPASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
2.2kΩ axial through-hole resistorPASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

R1 - 2.2kΩ timer charging resistor

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for R1 - 2.2kΩ timer charging resistor; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PR2 - 2.2MΩ timer charging resistorPASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Axial through-hole resistorPASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

R2 - 2.2MΩ timer charging resistor

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for R2 - 2.2MΩ timer charging resistor; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PR3 - 47kΩ 2W C4 discharge resistorPASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Axial through-hole resistorPASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

R3 - 47kΩ 2W C4 discharge resistor

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for R3 - 47kΩ 2W C4 discharge resistor; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PR4-DROPPER - 220Ω surge-limiting resistor (source labels it R4)PASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Axial through-hole resistorPASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

R4-DROPPER - 220Ω surge-limiting resistor (source labels it R4)

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for R4-DROPPER - 220Ω surge-limiting resistor (source labels it R4); similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
SR4-GATE - 100Ω TRIAC gate resistor (source also labels it R4)SEMICONDUCTOR1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Axial through-hole resistorSEMICONDUCTOR LEARNING VIEW

R4-GATE - 100Ω TRIAC gate resistor (source also labels it R4)

A semiconductor stage performs switching, amplification, regulation, rectification, or logic.

What it does here

It controls current or signal flow at a defined point in the circuit.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Fast and efficient
  • Compact
  • Can control larger loads from smaller signals

Limitations

  • Pin order varies
  • Sensitive to overvoltage and reverse polarity
  • May need cooling or bias components

Handling

  • Verify the datasheet pinout
  • Avoid static and soldering heat
  • Check notch, stripe, or flat-face orientation

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for R4-GATE - 100Ω TRIAC gate resistor (source also labels it R4); similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm pinout, maximum voltage/current, dissipation, gain or forward voltage, and package.
PC1 - 470µF 25V electrolytic timing capacitorPASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
470µF 25V electrolytic capacitorPASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

C1 - 470µF 25V electrolytic timing capacitor

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for C1 - 470µF 25V electrolytic timing capacitor; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PC2 - 470µF 25V electrolytic 9V supply filter capacitorPASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
470µF 25V electrolytic capacitorPASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

C2 - 470µF 25V electrolytic 9V supply filter capacitor

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for C2 - 470µF 25V electrolytic 9V supply filter capacitor; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PC3 - 100nF non-polarized IC1 control-pin bypass capacitorPASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
Ceramic capacitorPASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

C3 - 100nF non-polarized IC1 control-pin bypass capacitor

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for C3 - 100nF non-polarized IC1 control-pin bypass capacitor; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
PC4 - 220nF 400V non-polarized mains-dropper film capacitorPASSIVE1
What's this?Image, role, pros, cons, handling & specifications
0.22uF ceramic capacitorPASSIVE LEARNING VIEW

C4 - 220nF 400V non-polarized mains-dropper film capacitor

A passive component sets current, voltage, timing, filtering, or signal behaviour without adding gain.

What it does here

Its exact value and tolerance determine how the surrounding stage behaves.

Buy / compare this part

Advantages

  • Simple and dependable
  • Low cost
  • Easy to measure before installation

Limitations

  • A wrong value can stop or damage the circuit
  • Ratings must not be exceeded
  • Polarized parts require correct orientation

Handling

  • Measure unclear values
  • Observe capacitor polarity
  • Avoid overheating leads while soldering

Specifications to verify

  • Use the exact model, value, package, and rating listed for C4 - 220nF 400V non-polarized mains-dropper film capacitor; similar-looking parts are not always interchangeable.
  • Confirm value, tolerance, power or voltage rating, polarity, and package size.
Ready to continue?
STEP 4 / 6 · Source code

Confirm the hardware-only control path.

This project does not include firmware in the source. The circuit itself provides the required behaviour.

01

How to connect

  1. Match every controller label to the circuit view and source pin map.
  2. Join grounds before signal wires when separate low-voltage supplies are used.
  3. Keep motors, relays, pumps, and other loads on a suitable driver and external supply.

Common mistakes

Reversed VCC/GND, board-label versus GPIO-number confusion, missing common ground, and charge-only USB cables.

Troubleshoot

Disconnect loads, continuity-test one path at a time, then test with a current limit.

02

Software preparation

No IDE, board package, library, or firmware upload is required for this project.

If you add a programmable controller as an extension, document its pin map separately.

03

How to upload code

The original design is implemented entirely in hardware, so proceed after verifying the circuit and supply.

Ready to continue?
STEP 5 / 6 · Build

Assemble, deploy, test, and troubleshoot.

Use the complete source notes in build order, then pass the final checks before calling the project finished.

ASSEMBLY

Build in functional stages

  • Power and regulation
  • Controller or processing stage
  • Inputs and sensors
  • Outputs and loads
  • Enclosure and strain relief
TEST

Power up safely

  • Inspect unpowered continuity first
  • Apply the lowest safe current limit
  • Measure supply rails before signals
  • Add one load at a time
  • Record expected and actual results
TROUBLESHOOT

Work from simple to complex

  • Confirm power, ground, polarity, and orientation
  • Compare each pin with the source
  • Test inputs separately from outputs
  • Replace only one variable at a time
  • Power off before every correction
PROJECT-SPECIFIC BUILD NOTES

Follow the documented instructions.

These notes come from this project's source and remain in their original order.

01

Project overview

Project build note

Some mosquito repellents on the market use a poisonous liquid to make poisonous vapors that make mosquitoes leave the room. Due to the constant release of poisonous fumes into the room, the natural balance of the air's components for good health reaches or passes the critical level after midnight. Most of the time, these vapors get into the brain through the lungs. They also have a small or large percentage of

anesthetic effects on mosquitoes and other living things. If you are exposed to these toxic vapors for a long time, you may have problems with your brain or nerves. Here is a circuit that turns the mosquito repellent on and off after a certain amount of time. This lets you control how much toxic gas gets into the room.

The circuit periodically turns the mosquito repellent "on" and "off" for about 20 minutes each time. So, if you leave the mosquito repellent on from 10 pm to 6 am (eight hours), it will be "on" for four hours and "off" for four hours of the total time. During "off" time, the air in the room tries to get back to its natural state. Another important thing about the circuit is that when it goes from "on" to "off," it doesn't make any noise or click like a relay does, so it doesn't wake you up when you're sleeping. Circuit Operation The circuit is made up of IC 555 (IC1), which is a timer, and triac BT136, which is an automatic switch (TRIAC1). The power for the circuit comes from the AC mains. This is done by stepping it down and reversing it. By getting rid of the transformer, space and money are saved. Timer IC1 gets a steady 9V DC power supply from Zener diode ZD1 and capacitor C2. The resistors R1 and R2 and the capacitor C1 make up the timer section. Through LED1 and R4, the output of timer IC 555 is sent to the gate terminal of BT136. When the timer output goes high, it turns on TRIAC1's gate, and LED1 shows the "on" time. During "off" time, IC1's output is low, so TRIAC1 isn't turned on and LED1 doesn't light up.

Ready to continue?
PROJECT ACHIEVED

You built Periodically on /off Mosquito repellents circuit.

You followed the full workflow from understanding the mission to testing the finished project. That is a real engineering achievement - well done.

Cable Tester project thumbnail featuring Operational amplifier
NEXT ELECTRONICS ADVENTURE

Cable Tester

Ready to reuse what you learned in another project from the same track?

Start this project
Browse all 500 projects