We will use IoT to build a Smart Farming System for this project. The goal of this project is to help farmers get Live Data (Temperature, Humidity, Soil Moisture, and Soil Temperature) for better monitoring of the environment, which will help them increase their overall crop yield and product quality. This smart agriculture system is powered by NodeMCU and uses IoT. It has a DHT11 sensor, a moisture sensor, a DS18B20 sensor probe, an LDR, a

water pump, and a 12V led strip. When the IoT-based agriculture monitoring system starts up, it checks the soil's moisture, temperature, humidity, and temperature. It then sends this information to the IoT cloud so it can be watched in real time. If the amount of water in the soil drops below a certain level, the water pump will turn on by itself. We've already made an Automatic Plant Irrigation System that sends alerts to mobile phones but doesn't check any other parameters. Aside from this, building a Smart Agriculture Monitoring System can also be helped by a Rain alarm and a soil moisture detector circuit.

Hardware NodeMCU ESP8266 Soil Moisture Sensor DHT11 Sensor DS18B20 Waterproof Temperature Sensor Probe LDR Submersible Mini Water Pump 12V LED Strip 7805 Voltage Regulator 2×TIP122 Transistor Resistor (4.7K, 10K) Capacitor (0.1µF, 10 µF) Online Services Adafruit IO Smart Agriculture System Circuit Diagram

This circuit isn't very difficult. Here, we used one 12V LED Strip, a 12V water pump, a 7805-voltage regulator, and two TP122 transistors to control the LED Strip and the water pump. From the 12V adapter, the 7805 is used to get regulated 5V, and the DHT11 sensor is used to read the temperature and humidity. The DS18B20 sensor probe is used to find out the soil's temperature, and a soil moisture sensor is used to find out how wet the soil is, so that the water pump can automatically turn on and off. Adafruit IO Setup Adafruit IO is an open data platform that lets you collect, visualize, and analyze live data in the cloud. With Adafruit IO, you can upload, display, and monitor your data over the internet, making your project compatible with the Internet of Things. With Adafruit IO, you can control motors, read sensor data, and make cool IoT apps that run over the internet. You have to make an account on Adafruit IO before you can use it. To do this, go to the Adafruit IO website and click on "Get started for free" at the top right of the screen.

When you're done setting up your account, log in and click "View AIO Key" in the top right corner to see your account username and AIO key. When you click on "AIO Key," a window will appear with your username and Adafruit IO AIO Key. Copy this password and key. In your code, you'll need it later. Now that you've done that, you need to make a feed. Click on "Feed" to make a feed. Then click "Actions." You will see a list of options. Click "Create a New Feed" from that list. After that, a new window will pop up where you need to type in the Name and Description of your feed. You don't have to write a description. When you click on "Create," you will be taken to your newly made feed. We made a total of eight feeds for this project, including ones for the water pump, the LED strip, the moisture data, the temperature, the humidity, the weather data, and the soil temperature. To make the rest of the feeds, use the same steps as above. After making feeds, we'll make an Adafruit IO dashboard to show all of these feeds on one page. Make a dashboard first, and then add all of these feeds to that dashboard. To make a dashboard, click on the Dashboard option, then click on "Action," and then click on "Create a New Dashboard."

In the next window, give your dashboard a name and click the "Create" button. Now that our dashboard is set up, we'll add our Blocks to it. To add a Block, click the "Gear" in the upper right corner and then click "Create New Block." First, we'll add two toggle buttons blocks to manually turn ON/OFF the LED Strip and Water Pump. Then, we'll add four sliders to show the Temperature, Humidity, Soil Temperature, and Moisture Value. Finally, we'll add two graph blocks to show the Moisture and Soil Temperature Data from the last 30 days. Click on the Toggle block to add a button to the dashboard. How to Get OpenWeatherMap's API As we've already said, we'll also show weather forecasts on the Adafruit IO dashboard. To do this, we'll use the OpenWeatherMap API to ask for the day's weather forecast for a specific location. OpenWeatherMap offers well- known weather products that make it much easier to work with weather data. This data can be accessed through fast, reliable APIs that are in line with industry standards and work with a variety of enterprise systems. OpenWeatherMap has both paid and free plans. For this project, we will use the free plan to find out what the weather is going to be like. Now, to get the API key, you have to sign up on their platform. To do this, first make an account, and once that's done, you'll be taken to the dashboard, as shown below. You can get information from the site by clicking on your name and then on "My API Keys." This will give you a unique API key. Smart Agriculture System NodeMCU Programming

At the end of the document, you can find the full code for the IoT-based Agriculture Monitoring System. Here, we'll talk about some of the code's most important parts. The code uses libraries called DHT.h, OneWire, Adafruit MQTT, ArduinoJson, and DallasTemperature. You can download Adafruit MQTT.h and DHT11.h, and the rest of the libraries can be downloaded directly from the Arduino IDE library manager. After you've added the libraries to the Arduino IDE, you can start the code by including the files for the libraries. Then, enter the Wi-Fi and Adafruit IO passwords that you copied from the Adafruit IO server. The MQTT server, port number, user name, and AIO key will be among these. Then set up the Adafruit IO feeds so that the sensor data can be stored and the LED and water pump can be controlled. In my case, I've set up four feeds to store different sensor data: Soil Temperature, Temperature, Humidity, and Moisture, one feed to show weather data, and two feeds to control an LED strip and a water pump.

We will use the code snippets we made with ArduinoJson Assistant to read the weather forecast data from the OpenWeatherMap API. Here in the void loop, we'll only call the API after a certain amount of time has passed, so we don't go over our daily limit.

Now that we have the weather information, we will read all of the sensor information. We're using the DHT11, DS18B20, LDR, and Soil Moisture Sensor in this project. The data from the LDR and the soil moisture sensor will be used to automate the LED strip and the water pump. So, first we will check the status of the LDR, and if the LDR reading is less than 200, the

LED will turn on by itself. In the same way, if the percentage of water in the soil is less than 35, the water pump will turn on. I grew seeds in a plastic tray, as shown in the picture below, to test this project. I put the hardware box next to the tray, hooked up a water pump to a bottle of water, and hooked up the power supply. After this is done, it starts to keep an eye on things like the soil's moisture, temperature, etc. All of these will be posted on the Adafruit IO dashboard. So, this is how you can set up a smart agriculture system based on the Internet of Things. You can also measure things like PH, etc., in addition to these parameters. I hope the project was fun and that you learned something from it.